Chickadees in Canada (ID and Song Guide)

This guide will help you identify all the species of Chickadees that can be spotted in Canada with photo IDs and descriptions, audio recordings of their songs, and fun facts, plus more.

Chickadees are busy little songbirds that flit around looking for insects, and they will readily come to backyard feeders. They are part of the Poecile family of birds, and there are only seven species of Chickadee, all of which live in North America.

There are 6 types of chickadees that can be spotted in Canada. Of these, 5 of these are regularly occurring, and 1 is a rare visitor. The most common are Black-capped Chickadees, but Chestnut-backed Chickadees, Boreal Chickadees, Mountain Chickadees, and Gray-headed Chickadees are regularly occurring, and Carolina Chickadees are rare visitors.

Chickadees do not migrate, but they may travel to lower ground in winter. To survive the cold winter months, studies have shown that Chickadees cache food, roost in cavities, and go into a state of regulated nocturnal hypothermia to save energy.

Chickadees have an insatiable appetite due to their high body temperature and need to consume their own body weight in food each day!

Chickadees do not usually live very long, in fact only about two or three years, and they may only live for one year as an adult and only have one breeding season. However, here have been chickadees recorded as living for twelve years.

Male and female chickadees look the same, so it can be difficult to tell them apart, except that only the males sing the louder ‘Fee-bee’ song.

Also, Black-capped Chickadees and Carolina Chickadees look very similar, but the Black-capped has more white in the wing and has a 2-note song rather than the 4-note song of the Carolina.

Chickadees eat insects and seeds, and they will often come to backyard feeders for seeds or suet.

This guide will help you identify the types of Chickadees spotted in Canada according to avibase and uses data collected from bird watchers on ebird to give real information about when these birds can be spotted.

6 Types Of Chickadee In Canada:

1. Black-capped Chickadee

Black-capped Chickadees are very common and are residents of Canada all year. They are recorded in 35% of summer checklists and 52% of winter checklists submitted by bird watchers for the country.

Black-capped Chickadees are cute birds with big round heads and tiny bodies. These birds will happily feed at backyard feeders and investigate everything, including you! 

They have black caps, beaks, and throat, with white cheeks, and are gray on the back, wings, and tail. Their bellies are lighter. They look very similar to Carolina Chickadees.

• Poecile atricapillus
• Length: 4.7-5.9 in (12-15 cm)
• Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-14 g)
• Wingspan: 6.3-8.3 in (16-21 cm)

Black-capped Chickadees do not migrate and can be spotted in the northern half of the US and Canada.

You can find Black-capped Chickadees in forests, open woods, and parks. They eat seeds, berries and insects, spiders, and suet.

Black-capped Chickadee Call/Song:

Nests of Black-capped Chickadees are usually in old woodpecker nests, but they may make their own cavity in rotten branches. Both the male and female will make the nest, and then the female lines it with moss and then other softer material such as fur.

They can lay a large clutch of up to thirteen eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch and a further two weeks for the young to leave the nest.

Attract Black-capped Chickadees to your backyard with suet, sunflower seeds, and peanuts or peanut butter. They will even feed from your hand and are often one of the first birds to discover new feeders. They will also use nest boxes, especially if you fill them with wood shavings.

Fun fact: Black-capped Chickadees’ brains are amazing in that each year they let old brain neurons die to lose old information they do not need and replace it with new neurons and information.

2. Chestnut-backed Chickadee

Chestnut-backed Chickadees can be found all year in Canada, mainly in the west of the country. They appear in 3% of summer and winter checklists.

Chestnut-backed Chickadees are tiny birds with black caps and throats and white cheeks. They are a rich chestnut on their backs and sides and have gray wings and bellies. In California, their sides are gray instead of brown.

• Poecile rufescens
• Length: 3.9-4.7 in (10-12 cm)
• Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-12 g)
• Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)

Chestnut-backed Chickadees live flocks in wet evergreen forests along the Pacific Coast and are regular visitors to backyard feeders.

You can find Chestnut-backed Chickadees usually in conifer forests. They eat mostly insects, including caterpillars, spiders, wasps, and aphids, with seeds, berries, and fruit making up the rest.

Nests of Chestnut-backed Chickadees are usually holes in rotten wood made either by the birds themselves, or they use old woodpecker nests. The nest is lined with moss and bark, and then softer material such as fur and grass is added. They lay up to eleven eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch and nearly three weeks for the young to leave the nest.

Attract Chestnut-backed Chickadees to your yard with black-oil sunflower seeds, suet, nyjer, peanuts, or mealworms in tube feeders, platform feeders, or suet cages. They will also use nest boxes.

3. Boreal Chickadee

Boreal Chickadees are spotted all year in Canada. They occur in around 2% of summer and winter checklists for the country.

Boreal Chickadees are tiny grayish-brown songbirds with a dark brown cap, small black bib, cinnamon sides, and white underneath and on the cheeks.

• Poecile hudsonicus
• Length: 4.9-5.5 in (12.5-14 cm)
• Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-12.4 g)

Boreal Chickadees live in Canada and Alaska and may appear in northern US states.

You can find Boreal Chickadees mostly in coniferous forests, often near water, but also can be found in deciduous or mixed forests. They feed on seeds and insects from the upper areas of the canopy and will readily visit feeders.

Nests of Boreal Chickadees are usually in dead trees, and the hole is made by the female. Moss and bark are used to line the cavity, and then softer material such as hair and feathers is added. They lay up to nine eggs, which take just over two weeks to hatch.

Attract Boreal Chickadees to your backyard with Black oil sunflower seeds, nyjer seeds, suet, peanuts, and mealworms on most types of feeders. Also, put up a nesting box to attract a mating pair.

Fun Fact: Boreal Chickadees will store seeds and insects for the long and harsh winter.

4. Mountain Chickadee

Mountain Chickadees live in Canada all year, but they are mainly spotted in the southwest provinces of the country. They appear in around 1% of summer and winter checklists.

Mountain Chickadees are tiny birds with black-and-white heads and gray over the body, darker on the back and light gray underneath.

• Poecile gambeli
• Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm)
• Weight: 0.4 oz (11 g)

Mountain Chickadees live in the mountains west of the US all year and do not migrate but may move down the mountain to lower areas in winter.

You can find Mountain Chickadees in evergreen forests, especially those with pine and conifers. They eat insects and spiders, nuts, and seeds and will often visit backyard feeders. Mountain Chickadees will often stash food for later and create a store of food.

Nests of Mountain Chickadees are usually in old nesting holes of woodpeckers and nuthatches. The female lines the cavity with fur and even covers her eggs when she leaves. They lay up to nine eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch and a further three weeks for the young to leave the nest.

Attract Mountain Chickadees to your yard by putting up nest boxes, and they will visit most types of feeders with black oil sunflower seeds, mealworms, nyjer, suet, and peanut butter.

Fun fact: The eggs of Mountain Chickadees are incubated 50% longer than other chickadee species, probably due to the protection that their old woodpecker nests give and the fact the female covers the eggs when she leaves.

5. Gray-headed Chickadee

Gray-headed Chickadees are often seen in Canada, but there have been a couple of recorded sightings around Yukon and the Northwest Territories.

Gray-headed Chickadees have dark brown caps, black chin and eye stripe, and white cheeks. They have brown backs, dark grey wings streaked with white and pale brown sides.

• Poecile cinctus
• Length: (13.5 – 14 cm)
• Weight: (11 – 14.3 g)

Gray-headed Chickadees live in Alaska, northwestern Canada, and across northern Europe and do not migrate.

You can find Gray-headed Chickadees in arctic streamside thickets of willow and spruce. They are hard to find due to their remote locations. They eat insects, spiders, and seeds, and they will often store food for the winter.

Nests of Gray-headed Chickadees are usually holes in trees, often old woodpecker nests. They use moss and then animal hair to line the nest.

6. Carolina Chickadee

Carolina Chickadees are considered rare or accidental species in Canada but there have been a few sightings in southern Ontario.

Carolina Chickadees are tiny birds with large heads, black caps and throats, white cheeks and bellies, and soft gray backs, wings, and tails.

They look very similar to the Black-capped Chickadee, and they interbreed where their range overlaps, but their range does not overlap in many places. Also, Black-capped Chickadees have more white in their wings than Carolina Chickadees.

• Poecile carolinensis
• Length: 3.9-4.7 in (10-12 cm)
• Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
• Wingspan: 5.9-7.9 in (15-20 cm)

Carolina Chickadees live in eastern and southeastern US states all year.

You can find Carolina Chickadees in forested areas, parks, and backyards. In summer, they mainly eat insects and spiders, but in winter, about half of their diet is plant material.

Carolina Chickadee Song:

Nests of Carolina Chickadees are in holes they have made themselves or those originally made by other species or natural cavities. They line the hole with moss and then softer material such as hair. They lay up to ten eggs which take about two weeks to hatch and a further two to three weeks for the young to leave the nest.

Attract Carolina Chickadees to your backyard feeders with black oil sunflower seeds, nyjer seeds, suet feeders, or peanuts. They will feed on most types of feeders, including tube feeders, suet cages, or platform feeders. They will also nest in nest boxes or nest tubes.

Attract Chickadees To Your Backyard

Chickadees are a delight to watch with their constant hurrying to get enough food to eat. So if you want to watch more of these cute little birds, then you need to attract them to your yard.

1. Supply feeders with black oil sunflower seeds, nyjer seeds, suet, or peanuts
2. They will feed on most types of feeders, including tube feeders, suet cages, or platform feeders
3. Provide a water source such as a birdbath, preferably with running water
4. Plant berry-producing trees and shrubs that attract insects
5. Don’t use pesticides or herbicides as Chickadees eat insects
6. Provide shelter with trees and shrubs
7. Provide a nest box with a small hole of 1 1/8 inch and raise 5 – 15 feet above ground
8. Keep cats indoors
9. Be patient as it can take a while for birds to find your yard and feeders

Chickadee Songs and Calls

Chickadees are famous for the namesake chick a dee call, but this call is, in fact, a mild alarm call or contact call, and their song is actually a ‘fee bee’ sound.

Chickadee Sounds:

1. Fee-bee

• It is produced by males
• The first note is higher pitched than the second
• Males move away from other males when they sing

2. Faint Fee-bee

• Produced by both males and females
• Females use this to call the male to feed her when she is incubating
• Used between parents and young

3. Chick-a-dee call

• Mild alarm call
• Contact calls in flocks
• Coordinate movements in flocks

4. Gargle

• Series of two to nine short notes
• Used when birds get too close in flocks or at feeders
• It is a warning call before the chickadee may attack another to make them move further away

5. Begging Call

• Young chickadees make bee calls to get their parents to feed them

5. High Seet Call

Alarm Call when predators are around

How Frequently Chickadees are Spotted in Canada in Summer and Winter

Checklists are a great resource to find out which birds are commonly spotted in your state. These lists show which chickadees are most frequently recorded on checklists on ebird in summer and winter in Canada.